Covid-19 Induced Neonatal Immunity

December 2019 a few cases of severe pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China The patients were exhibiting symptoms like fever, dry cough, sore throat, breathlessness, and fatigue. investigation employing next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis led to the identification of the causative agent of this respiratory disease, a novel coronavirus 2019  [1]. As more cases started to appear around the world, on February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned a name, Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19, to the disease and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020.  The virus was renamed from 2019-nCoV to SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on the basis of its genetic similarity to a previously known coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(SARS-CoV) [2].Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV- 2, has resulted in more than six million deaths and has infected over 500 million people as of July 19, 2022 [3]. SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID- 19 than non-pregnant women and have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like intrauterine/fetal distress and preterm birth.The most severe outcomes of COVID-19 have been documented in geriatric individuals and pregnant women with chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiopulmonary problems [4]. Newborn protection from infection is primarily dependent on neonatal innate immune responses and maternally derived, transplacentally acquired antibodies. The extent to which maternal antibodies produced in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy cross the placenta is important for understanding potential neonatal protection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19.We investigated humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 inmaternalandcordbloodpairedsamples in the case of natural infection during late second and third trimesters of pregnancy recruited at TSMU Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology TSMU First University Clinic. Georgia, Tbilisi.  Maternal nasopharyngeal swabs   were collected for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rate-PCR for confirmation of viral infection at the admission to the hospital. We measured IgG to spike (S) receptor-binding domain and nucleocapsid (N) Sixty-eight pregnant women SARS-CoV-2 positive by rRT- PCR were included in our study. Serology samples of maternal and cord blood has been collected immediately after delivery. For study design we have determined inclusion and exclusion criteria’s. General medical data of patients included in the study have been collected from medical records and Informed written consent was obtained from all the patients involved in the study. SARS-CoV-2, IgG has been detected by ELISA method.infected mothers had increased levels of virus-specific antibodies maternal IgG levels showed positive correlations with their counterparts in cord blood. PCR positive mothers showed stronger effect when infection was closer to delivery.Our results show that SARS- CoV-2 infection during the second and third trimester of pregnancy induces antibody response at delivery and causes lower level of the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG trans placental transfer, when the infection is closer to delivery

SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Antibody Titers In Cord Blood After Vaccination Against Covid-19 During Pregnancy

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant patients faced uncertain risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Aim of the study was to determine the titer of specific maternal and umbilical cord antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain after maternal antenatal vaccination. The paper presents preliminary results of the study proceeded in the department. 13 patients vaccinated during different gestational age have been included in the study. All patients participating in this study were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between the 4 to 31 week of gestation. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain in serum samples was performed by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.  Study results demonstrated that, vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 viral infection during pregnancy is accompanied with adequate production of antibodies that probably may defense neonates from severe infection at least within 6 month of life. Study has revealed positive correlation between time interval of vaccination and delivery for the presence of high titers of SARS-Cov-2 viral protein S receptor domain antibodies in neonatal cord blood, which may allow future determination of the optimal timing of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women although this problem need more future studies

Search for Cosmic-Ray Antideuterons

We performed a search for cosmic-ray antideuterons using data collected during four BESS balloon flights from 1997 to 2000. No candidate was found. We derived, for the first time, an upper limit of 1.9E-4 (m^2 s sr GeV/nucleon)^(-1) for the differential flux of cosmic-ray antideuterons, at the 95% confidence level, between 0.17 and 1.15 GeV/nucleon at the top of the atmosphere.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7\TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs(\ttbar) in $pp$ collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 \TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in two different topologies: single lepton (electron $e$ or muon $\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least four jets, and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$ or $e\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. In a data sample of 2.9 pb-1, 37 candidate events are observed in the single-lepton topology and 9 events in the dilepton topology. The corresponding expected backgrounds from non-\ttbar Standard Model processes are estimated using data-driven methods and determined to be $12.2 \pm 3.9$ events and $2.5 \pm 0.6$ events, respectively. The kinematic properties of the selected events are consistent with SM \ttbar production. The inclusive top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be \sigmattbar=145 \pm 31 ^{+42}_{-27} pb where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The measurement agrees with perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: 30 pages plus author list (50 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, CERN-PH number and final journal adde

Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton

A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb -1. Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σtt-=186±13(stat.)±20(syst.)±7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction